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Granite - The Igneous Rock
Mainly composed of Quartz, Feldspar, Mica, & Hornblende, it has a characteristic granular appearance.
Granite is extremely durable, it is resistant to acids, and it does not scratch easily with everyday use. For these reasons it is recommended for kitchens and high-traffic floors.
Marble - The Metamorphic Stone
Composed mainly of Calcite and Dolomite, with many other minerals included. It
began as a Limestone, but with the addition of minerals and metamorphic activity many colors and veins were formed. Because the composition of the stone is mostly alkaline, it reacts with acids such as lemon, vinegar, tomato, and some cleaning agents. Marble must be treated with care to keep its high gloss finish. Marble is recommended for light-use areas such as bathrooms, fireplaces, and furnishings.
Limestone - The Sedimentary Rock
Made primarily of calcium carbonate, and its usage is the
same as Marble. Limestone that is hard and dense can be polished to a high gloss finish; Limestone that is softer may not take a polish.
Travertine - is also similar to Marble
But when formed, carbonated spring water was trapped, and as the water dissipated, holes were left. This gives Travertine its characteristic look with linear crevices and pitting that can be left as is or filled. If left unfilled, Travertine may not be suitable for horizontal surfaces.
Slate - is Clay and Shale
That has metamorphosed. Choices of color in slab are limited, as slabs are available in only very small sizes. Slate has a more rustic, informal appearance, and is commonly used for decks, walkways, and flooring.
Quartz - is composed of silicon dioxide
Quartz
is composed of silicon dioxide, and is found in an impressive range of varieties and colors. There are many names for different varieties. It is the most common mineral found on the surface of the Earth.
Granite, Marble, Limestone, and Travertine
Counters all need to have solid support within 3″ of the edge when dealing with 3/4″ thick stone. A sudden, jarring impact can be most damaging, even with some of the thicker stones.
Because all of these stone are created by nature, they do not have the uniform consistency of man-made products.
Blocks of stone are taken from the quarry, cut into slabs and polished. Pitting, fissures and other natural flaws are common in natural stone. Slab sizes vary from stone to stone, therefore creating the varying need for joints.